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Overview |
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kidney. They originate as microscopic particles and develop into stones over time. The medical term for this condition is nephrolithiasis, or renal stone disease. The kidneys filter waste products from the blood and add them to the urine that the kidneys produce. When waste materials in the urine do not dissolve completely, crystals and kidney stones are likely to form.
Regardless of size, stones may pass out of the kidney, become lodged in the ureter (tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder), and cause severe pain that begins in the lower back and radiates to the side or groin. A lodged stone can block the flow of urine, causing pressure to build in the affected ureter and kidney. Increased pressure results in stretching and spasm, which cause severe pain.
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Signs & Symptoms |
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Small and smooth kidney stones may remain in the kidney or pass without causing pain (called “silent” stones). Stones that lodge in the ureter (tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder) cause the urinary system to spasm and produce pain. The pain is unrelated to the size of the stone and often radiates from the lower back to the side or groin.
Other symptoms of kidney stones may include the following: |
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Blood in the urine
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Increased frequency of urination |
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Nausea and vomiting
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Pain and burning during urination
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Fever, chills, loss of appetite
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Urinary tract infection
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Diagnosis |
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Laboratory Tests |
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Complete Blood Count |
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Kidney Function Test |
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Blood Sugar |
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Urine Routine & Microscopy |
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Urine Culture & Sensitivity |
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Ultrasound |
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Whole Abdomen with Kidney, Ureter & Bladder |
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Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP) |
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X-Ray KUB |
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Treatment |
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If a kidney stone does not move through the ureter within 4 to 6 weeks, surgery is considered. We use several procedures to break up, remove, or bypass kidney stones. |
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Extracorporeal shock wave Lithotrispy (ESWL) uses highly focused impulses projected from outside the body to pulverize kidney stones anywhere in the urinary system. The stone usually is reduced to sand-like granules that can be passed in the patient's urine. Large stones may require more than one ESWL treatments. The procedure should not be in pregnant women. It can be used for patients of all age groups and those who have heart and breathing problems.
ESWL by 4th generation “SIEMENS LITHOTRIPTOR” with Ultrasound attachment helps to treat even Radioluscent stones, which are not visible in normal fluoroscopy Lithotriptors.
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Percutaneous Nephrostolithotomy (PCNL) This minimal invasive procedure is performed under local anesthesia. Percutaneous (i.e., through the skin) removal of kidney stones (lithotomy) is accomplished through the most direct route to stones through the kidney. A telescope along with mechanical lithotriptor in inserted to break stone into fine particles to achieve stone-free status in large and complicated stones. This procedure usually requires hospitalization, and most patients resume normal activity within 2 weeks.
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Ureteroscopic Lithotrispy with Holmium Laser - This procedure is performed under Epidural and Spinal anesthesia to treat stones located in the middle and lower ureter. A small, fiberoptic instrument (ureteroscope) is passed into the ureter. Large stones are fragmented using 100-Watts Coherent Holmium Laser. The laser fragments stone into sand like particles, which are then flushed out through the natural urinary passage. The advantage of Holmium Laser is its ability to fragment stones of all compositions and precision. So it is the most effective laser for the treatment of ureteric stones. Patients are generally admitted the same day of treatment and are discharged next day, which means only 24 hours hospitalization.
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